Shooting Steel Targets with FMJ Ammo: Safety & Durability Tips

Shooting reactive steel targets is an exhilarating part of range day that adds a satisfying ping to your shooting experience. But when it comes to using full metal jacket (FMJ) rounds, there's a bit more to consider than just aim and fire. Safety and target integrity are at the forefront of these considerations.

I've spent countless hours at the range and have navigated the dos and don'ts of various ammunition types against steel targets. FMJ rounds are common, but they come with their own set of rules when you're aiming at steel.

Let's dive into what makes shooting steel with FMJ rounds a topic worth exploring.

What Kind of Ammo Should I Use?

When shooting steel targets, the kind of ammunition you choose is paramount not just for target integrity but also for safety. My extensive experience on the range has taught me a few rules of thumb that could help shooters maximize their experience while minimizing risks.

ALWAYS Check Your Ammo

First and foremost, checking the type of ammunition you're about to use against steel targets is a critical step. The use of Full Metal Jacket (FMJ) rounds is often a topic of debate among shooters. While it's permissible to use FMJ rounds on steel targets, there are several considerations to bear in mind.

Avoid steel jacketed ammo, it does not break up into tiny pieces on impact as jackets from softer metals do, it can also damage your steel.

Velocity and Energy: High-velocity FMJ rounds can cause more significant damage to steel targets and increase the risk of ricochet or back splatter. Opting for lower-velocity rounds or those designed specifically for steel targets can mitigate these risks.

Target Distance: Maintaining a safe distance from the target is crucial. For shotguns, standing at least 30 yards away is advisable. When using rifles, a minimum distance of 100 yards (or even further if needed to keep speeds below 285fps at the steel) should be kept. Handguns require at least 10 yards of distance.

These distances help ensure that any potential ricochet or debris doesn't pose a danger.

Interestingly, alternatives to FMJ rounds, such as frangible ammunition, have been developed to break apart upon impact with hard surfaces, significantly reducing the risk of ricochet. Frangible bullets are particularly recommended when shooting steel targets at closer ranges.

Another point to consider is the target material itself. AR500 steel targets are highly recommended due to their ability to withstand repeated shots without significant damage. Ensuring your steel targets are thick and durable enough is essential for safe shooting experiences.

Moreover, it's wise to inspect your targets regularly. If a target shows signs of pitting, warping, or significant wear, it's time to replace it. Shooting at compromised targets can increase the likelihood of dangerous deflections.

Know What Your Steel Target Can Handle

When delving into the world of shooting steel targets, especially with FMJ ammunition, it's crucial that I understand what my steel targets can endure. The integrity and safety of my shooting practice hinge on this knowledge, ensuring I maximize fun while minimizing risk.

Angle Your Steel Target Appropriately

One of the first things I learned about shooting steel targets was the importance of angling them correctly. This isn't just about prolonging the life of the target but also about drastically reducing the risk of ricochet back towards the shooter. When I position my steel targets at a slight downward angle, I ensure that any bullet strikes deflect downwards into the ground instead of potentially back at me or anyone nearby. This simple adjustment has significantly enhanced safety in my shooting practice.

An angled target also faces less deformation over time, compared to one that's hit straight on. The force of impact from FMJ rounds, known for their penetration capabilities, is better distributed across the surface of an angled target, leading to less concentrated wear and better longevity of the target.

Only Use Targets Certified as AR 500 or AR 550

In my journey, I've learned that not all steel targets are created equal. For the best experience and safety when shooting with FMJ rounds, I've committed to only using targets made of AR500 or harder steel. These high-caliber steels are engineered to withstand repeated bullet impacts without suffering from significant pitting or deformation.

Targets made from these materials have endured countless sessions at my range, from light pistol rounds to heavier rifle calibers. Their resilience is not just about withstanding impacts but also about maintaining a smooth surface that minimizes the chance of unpredictable ricochets.

I always advise fellow enthusiasts to read the specifications of their steel targets carefully and, when in doubt, consult with a firearms expert to ensure optimal compatibility with their ammo choices.

By selecting the appropriate steel grade and maintaining the right target angle, I've managed to elevate my shooting practice, making it safer and more enjoyable.

How closely can you shoot steel with 5.56 rounds?

With a 16" barrel and 55g ammo this usually means you need to be around 120 yds away from the target before it slows to the maximum speed of 2850fps at the targets. At speeds above this the heat generated from the bullet strikes can heat and expand the steel. This steel expands, then contracts and can cause a small portion to fall away, leaving a "crater".

Shooting steel targets with FMJ rounds, especially 5.56, requires a keen understanding of the interaction between ammunition and target material. I've learned that the right combination of steel grade and target angling can make all the difference in both safety and target lifespan.

By opting for AR500 or AR550 steel and ensuring targets are angled correctly, I've managed to not just preserve my targets but also significantly enhance my shooting experience.

Remember, the key to successful steel target shooting with FMJ rounds lies in making informed choices about your equipment and setup. It's not just about hitting the target—it's about doing it safely and sustainably.